Pneumatic Tires
Most of the tires which have been used during the past 100 years have been pneumatic tires. They are made from rubber and allow for a far more comfortable ride compared to other kinds of materials. The contemporary transportation system of the world depends completely on pneumatic tires.
A pneumatic tire is a type of tire constructed of durable rubber and filled with compressed air. Motor vehicles like for instance cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles and airplanes all utilize pneumatic tires. Non-motorized wheeled vehicles, like bicycles, also use pneumatic tires.
History
The tire began after the invention or iron bands used around wooden wheels. It wasn't until the mid-19th century that the utilization of solid rubber in the construction of tires. The very first patent for a successful pneumatic tire was issued in 1888 to Irishman John Dunlop who created an inner-tube for a bicycle tire in 1888. This was when the word "pneumatic" began to describe tires.
Seven years later, in 1895, Andre and Edouard Michelin produced pneumatic tires for a car in France. The company of the Michelin brothers was destined to become a leading manufacturer of automobile tires. The very first U.S. company to produce tires was Goodyear Tire company established in 1898, followed by the Firestone Tire & Rubber company in the year 1900, the second company in the US to make tires.
Function
A rubber inner tube was utilized in all pneumatic tires during the first part of the 20th century to help hold the air pressure. Tires were made of toughened layers of cord or plies covered with rubber. The plies were laid on a bias or angle to strengthen it and to define the shape of the tire. These "bias ply" tires had a tread pattern for traction.
Modern radial tires are constructed with the plies running at 90 degrees across the body of the tire. Inner tube is not required because the tire forms an airtight seal with the wheel. This was the Michelin's brother's invention in 1948. The tires did not become widely used until the late 1970s. Radial tires provide better fuel economy and last longer.